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Universal Clock and Local Clock

25 Jul 2025

We live by time. From the moment we wake to the rhythm of our daily schedules, to the precise coordination of global networks, time is the invisible backbone of our existence. It’s so fundamental, in fact, that philosophers like Kant considered it a basic intuition, a lens through which we...
Learning Dapper: A Lightweight ORM for .NET

17 Jul 2025

Dapper is a simple object mapper for .NET, often referred to as a "micro-ORM." It’s known for its high performance and minimal overhead, making it a popular choice for applications that need direct control over SQL queries while still benefiting from object mapping. 1. Setup To get started with Dapper,...
Model validation in ASP.NET Core

15 Jul 2025

Model validation is a crucial aspect of building robust ASP.NET Core applications, ensuring data integrity and providing a smooth user experience. This post explores the various mechanisms for validating data, from built-in attributes and custom validation logic to handling non-nullable reference types and top-level node validation. 1. Model state Model...
Learning Notes: Fundamentals of Data Engineering

31 May 2025

Data engineering is the development, implementation, and maintenance of systems and processes that take in raw data and produce high-quality, consistent information that supports downstream use cases, such as analysis and machine learning. Data engineering is the intersection of security, data management, DataOps, data architecture, orchestration, and software engineering. A...
Hands-On Large Language Models

25 Mar 2025

1. Language AI Google Colab offers free, cloud-based GPU and TPU access for accelerated computation, subject to usage limits, and requires changing the runtime type to GPU to enable it. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science and engineering of creating intelligent machines, particularly intelligent computer programs, that can perform tasks...
T-SQL Learning Notes

07 Jan 2025

SQL (pronounced /ˌɛsˌkjuˈɛl/ S-Q-L; or alternatively as /ˈsiːkwəl/ "sequel") stands for Structured Query Language, which is both an ANSI and ISO standard language that was designed to query and manage data in relational database management systems (RDBMSs). An RDBMS is a database management system based on the relational model (a...
WPF (.NET) Learning Notes

18 Sep 2024

1. MVVM pattern and toolkit The MVVM pattern [1] helps cleanly separate an application’s business and presentation logic from its user interface (UI). Maintaining a clean separation between application logic and the UI helps address numerous development issues and makes an application easier to test, maintain, and evolve. It can...
Git Bash and Cygwin in Windows Terminal

29 Aug 2024

1. Git Bash Open Windows Terminal Enter the Settings page (Ctrl + ,) Click the Add a new profile on the left bottom panel On the Add a new profile page, click New empty profile or Duplicate from an existed profile On the new profile page, fill the following options:...
Dimensions and Embedding Models

19 Jun 2024

This post is generated by Google Gemini 1. Dimensions & Embedding Models In the realm of machine learning, particularly when dealing with complex data like text, two concepts play a crucial role in capturing meaning and enabling efficient information retrieval: dimensionality and embedding models. 1.1. Dimensionality: Mapping the Essence of...
RAG: Boosting LLMs with Contextual Retrieval

18 Jun 2024

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) is a powerful technique that enhances the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4. While LLMs excel at generating text, they often lack context and struggle to understand the deeper meaning behind user queries. RAG bridges this gap by incorporating information retrieval to provide LLMs with...
Proxies in Docker and containerd

15 Jun 2024

1. Unveiling the Proxy Trio: http_proxy, https_proxy, and no_proxy Ever tried downloading a file online but encountered a restrictive firewall (security barrier) blocking your way? Fear not! This guide unveils the magic behind http_proxy and https_proxy, the environment variables that act as passports for your tools to navigate these gatekeepers....
What is Milvus?

14 Jun 2024

Milvus (/ˈmɪlvəs/) is an open-source vector database to store, index, and manage massive embedding vectors generated by deep neural networks and machine learning (ML) models. [1] Unlike existing relational databases which mainly deal with structured data following a pre-defined pattern, Milvus is designed from the bottom-up to handle embedding vectors...
Ollama, vLLM, Hugging Face, LangChain, LlamaIndex, and Open WebUI

12 Jun 2024

Ollama, vLLM, and llama.cpp are all tools related to running large language models (LLMs) locally on the own computer. 1. Ollama Ollama (/ˈɒlˌlæmə/) is a user-friendly, higher-level interface for running various LLMs, including Llama, Qwen, Jurassic-1 Jumbo, and others. It provides a streamlined workflow for downloading models, configuring settings, and...
Lua Learning Notes

03 Jun 2024

Lua is a powerful, efficient, lightweight, embeddable scripting language. It supports procedural programming, object-oriented programming, functional programming, data-driven programming, and data description. [1] Lua combines simple procedural syntax with powerful data description constructs based on associative arrays and extensible semantics. Lua is dynamically typed, runs by interpreting bytecode with a...
Python for Data Analysis

27 May 2024

conda install -y pandas jupyter matplotlib # /ˈnʌmpli/ /ˈpeɪ.dəns/ /ˈmæt.plɒt.lɪb/ # import conventions import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd import seaborn as sns import statsmodels as sm np.__version__ # '2.2.4' pd.__version__ # '2.2.3' # pd.options.display.max_columns = 20 # pd.options.display.max_colwidth = 80 # pd.options.display.max_rows =...
Python Learning Notes

17 May 2024

> import this The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the...

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