1. Setup HTTP Proxy Environment Variables

Linux and Unix-like systems has environment variable called http_proxy, https_proxy and no_proxy. It allows you to connect text based session and/or applications via the proxy server. All you need is proxy server IP address (URL) and port values. The variable is almost used by all utilities such as elinks, lynx, wget, curl, git and others commands.

Type the following command to set proxy server environment variables:

$ export http_proxy=http://[USERNAME:PASSWORD@]server-ip:port/
$ export https_proxy=http://[USERNAME:PASSWORD@]server-ip:port/
$ export no_proxy=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1,codefarm.me

To setup the proxy environment variable as a global variable for all users, append the above settings into /etc/profile file or /etc/profile.d/http-proxy.sh. for example:

$ cat /etc/profile.d/http_proxy.sh
export {HTTP,HTTPS}_PROXY=http://10.38.32.9:10808/
export {http,https}_proxy=http://10.38.32.9:10808/
export {NO_PROXY,no_proxy}=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1,192.168.99.100

$ env | grep -i proxy
HTTP_PROXY=http://10.38.32.9:10808/
https_proxy=http://10.38.32.9:10808/
http_proxy=http://10.38.32.189:10808/
no_proxy=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1,192.168.99.100
NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1,192.168.99.100
HTTPS_PROXY=http://10.38.32.9:10808/

2. Custom Docker Daemon Options with HTTP Proxy

The Docker daemon uses the HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY environmental variables in its start-up environment to configure HTTP or HTTPS proxy behavior. You cannot configure these environment variables using the daemon.json file.

This example overrides the default docker.service file.

If you are behind an HTTP or HTTPS proxy server, for example in corporate settings, you need to add this configuration in the Docker systemd service file.

  1. Create a systemd drop-in directory for the docker service:

    $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

  2. Create a file called /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf that adds the HTTP_PROXY environment variable:

    [Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/"

    Or, if you are behind an HTTPS proxy server, create a file called /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/https-proxy.conf that adds the HTTPS_PROXY environment variable:

    [Service]
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443/"

  3. If you have internal Docker registries that you need to contact without proxying you can specify them via the NO_PROXY environment variable:

    [Service]    
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/" "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,docker-registry.somecorporation.com"

    Or, if you are behind an HTTPS proxy server:

    [Service]    
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443/" "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,docker-registry.somecorporation.com"

  4. Flush changes:

    $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

  5. Restart Docker:

    $ sudo systemctl restart docker

  6. Verify that the configuration has been loaded:

    $ systemctl show --property=Environment docker
Environment=HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/

    Or, if you are behind an HTTPS proxy server:

    $ systemctl show --property=Environment docker
Environment=HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443/

3. Start minikube behind a HTTP Proxy

  1. Print the version of minikube.

     $ minikube version
 minikube version: v0.25.2

    The latest minikube version is 0.28.2 at this time, but it doesn’t work well cause it hangs up at Starting cluster components….

  2. Use --docker-env flag to pass environment variables to the Docker daemon.

     minikube start \
     --docker-env HTTP_PROXY=http://10.38.32.9:10808/ \
     --docker-env HTTPS_PROXY=http://10.38.32.9:10808/ \
     --docker-env NO_PROXY=index.docker.io,\
 registry.hub.docker.com,\
 registry-1.docker.io,\
 registry.docker-cn.com,\
 registry-mirror-cache-cn.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com,\
 192.168.99.100\
     --registry-mirror https://registry.docker-cn.com

    Not required: Pass the --registry-mirror option when starting dockerd to pull-through China mirror cache.

    Use kubectl version to print the client and server version information.

     $ kubectl version
 Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"11", GitVersion:"v1.11.0", GitCommit:"91e7b4fd31fcd3d5f436da26c980becec37ceefe", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-06-27T20:17:28Z", GoVersion:"go1.10.2", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
 Server Version: version.Info{Major:"", Minor:"", GitVersion:"v1.9.4", GitCommit:"bee2d1505c4fe820744d26d41ecd3fdd4a3d6546", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-03-21T21:48:36Z", GoVersion:"go1.9.1", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

    After starting the minikube, the --docker-env and --registry-mirror options were wrote into config.json file at $HOME/.minikube/machines/minikube/config.json. And when starting minikube with minikube start, it will reload the config from the file config.json again.

         33      "HostOptions": {
     37          "EngineOptions": {
     .
     41              "Env": [
     42                  "HTTP_PROXY=http://10.38.32.9:10808/",
     43                  "HTTPS_PROXY=http://10.38.32.9:10808/",
     44                  "NO_PROXY=index.docker.io,registry.hub.docker.com,registry-1.docker.io,registry.docker-cn.com,registry-mirror-cache-cn.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com,192.168.99.100"
     45              ],
     .
     55              "RegistryMirror": [
     56                  "https://registry.docker-cn.com"
     57              ],

    The minikube start --docker-env doesn’t work on my Windows 10 laptop. But you can edit the config.json directly, then start the minikube and execute the following command to reload docker daemon.

    $ uname.exe  -a
MINGW64_NT-10.0 minikube 2.10.0(0.325/5/3) 2018-06-13 23:34 x86_64 Msys
$ minikube.exe  start
There is a newer version of minikube available (v0.28.2).  Download it here:
https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/tag/v0.28.2

To disable this notification, run the following:
minikube config set WantUpdateNotification false
Starting local Kubernetes v1.9.4 cluster...
Starting VM...
Getting VM IP address...
Moving files into cluster...
Setting up certs...
Connecting to cluster...
Setting up kubeconfig...
Starting cluster components...
Kubectl is now configured to use the cluster.
Loading cached images from config file.
Unable to load cached images from config file.
$ kubectl.exe version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"7", GitVersion:"v1.7.4", GitCommit:"793658f2d7ca7f064d2bdf606519f9fe1229c381", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2017-08-17T08:48:23Z", GoVersion:"go1.8.3", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"windows/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"", Minor:"", GitVersion:"v1.9.4", GitCommit:"bee2d1505c4fe820744d26d41ecd3fdd4a3d6546", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-03-21T21:48:36Z", GoVersion:"go1.9.1", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
$ minikube.exe ssh
                         _             _
            _         _ ( )           ( )
  ___ ___  (_)  ___  (_)| |/')  _   _ | |_      __
/' _ ` _ `\| |/' _ `\| || , <  ( ) ( )| '_`\  /'__`\
| ( ) ( ) || || ( ) || || |\`\ | (_) || |_) )(  ___/
(_) (_) (_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_) (_)`\___/'(_,__/'`\____)

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

  3. Hello Minikube

     $ kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --replicas=2
 deployment.apps/nginx created
 $ kubectl get pods
 NAME                     READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
 nginx-6d78847c9c-298qt   1/1       Running   0          <invalid>
 nginx-6d78847c9c-v88mt   1/1       Running   0          <invalid>
 $ kubectl expose deployments/nginx --type=NodePort --port 80
 service/nginx exposed
 $ export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get service nginx -o go-template='{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}')
 $ echo $NODE_PORT
 32659
 $ curl -i -XOPTION $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT
 HTTP/1.1 405 Not Allowed
 Server: nginx/1.15.2
 Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2018 09:36:08 GMT
 Content-Type: text/html
 Content-Length: 173
 Connection: keep-alive
    
 <html>
 <head><title>405 Not Allowed</title></head>
 <body bgcolor="white">
 <center><h1>405 Not Allowed</h1></center>
 <hr><center>nginx/1.15.2</center>
 </body>
 </html>

References

  1. Proxy server - Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server
  2. How To Use Proxy Server To Access Internet at Shell Prompt With http_proxy Variable - nixCraft, https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-set-proxy-environment-variable/
  3. Control Docker with systemd | Docker Documentation, https://docs.docker.com/config/daemon/systemd/#httphttps-proxy
  4. Using Minikube with an HTTP Proxy, https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/#using-minikube-with-an-http-proxy
  5. bash - Set a network range in the no_proxy environment variable - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange, https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/23452/set-a-network-range-in-the-no-proxy-environment-variable