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How to Access Kubernetes API Server

18 Dec 2021

1. The Kubernetes API The core of Kubernetes' control plane is the API server. The API server exposes an HTTP API that lets end users, different parts of your cluster, and external components communicate with one another. [1] Kubernetes has a "hub-and-spoke" API pattern. All API usage from nodes (or...
Kubernetes Admission Controllers

15 Dec 2021

1. What is an admission controller An admission controller is a piece of code that intercepts requests to the Kubernetes API server prior to persistence of the object, but after the request is authenticated and authorized. The controllers are compiled into the kube-apiserver binary, and may only be configured by...
Kubernetes Networking

11 Dec 2021

1. The Kubernetes network model Networking is a central part of Kubernetes, but it can be challenging to understand exactly how it is expected to work. There are 4 distinct networking problems to address: [1] Highly-coupled container-to-container communications Pod-to-Pod communications Pod-to-Service communications External-to-Service communications Kubernetes clusters require to allocate non-overlapping...
What is pause container in Kubernetes

09 Dec 2021

Eric Paris to google-c...@googlegroups.com Sep 25, 2014, 8:35:48 PM The pause container is a container which holds the network namespace for the pod. It does nothing 'useful'. (It's actually just a little bit of assembly that goes to sleep and never wakes up) This means that your 'apache' container can...
Time Series and Prometheus

06 Dec 2021

1. What is Time Series In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time. Thus it is a sequence of discrete-time data. Table 1....
Device Mapper and Linux LVM

29 Nov 2021

1. Device Files In Unix-like operating systems, a device file or special file is an interface to a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were an ordinary file. These special files allow an application program to interact with a device by using its device driver...
Linux OverlayFS and Container

26 Nov 2021

1. Linux OverlayFS In computing, OverlayFS is a union mount filesystem implementation for Linux. It combines multiple different underlying mount points into one, resulting in single directory structure that contains underlying files and sub-directories from all sources. Common applications overlay a read/write partition over a read-only partition, such as with...
RUNC CONTAINERD CRI DOCKERSHIM

25 Nov 2021

1. Open Container Initiative The Open Container Initiative (OCI) is an open governance structure for the express purpose of creating open industry standards around container formats and runtimes. Docker is donating its container format and runtime, runC, to the OCI to serve as the cornerstone of this new effort. 2....
Linux CGroups and Containers

23 Nov 2021

1. What are Control Groups Linux Control Groups (cgroups) enable limits on the use of system hardware, ensuring that an individual process running inside a cgroup only utilizes as much as has been allowed in the cgroups configuration. [1] Control Groups restrict the volume of usage on a resource that...
Kubernetes Resources, Scheduler and Autoscaler

22 Nov 2021

1. Kubernetes Components A Kubernetes cluster consists of a set of worker machines, called nodes, that run containerized applications. Every cluster has at least one worker node. The worker node(s) host the Pods that are the components of the application workload. The control plane manages the worker nodes and the...
System Architect and Diagrams

18 Nov 2021

1. Software architecture Software architecture[1] refers to the fundamental structures of a software system and the discipline of creating such structures and systems. Each structure comprises software elements, relations among them, and properties of both elements and relations.[1] The architecture of a software system is a metaphor, analogous to the...
kubernetes Users and RBAC

11 Nov 2021

1. Users in Kubernetes Users access the Kubernetes API using kubectl, client libraries, or by making REST requests, through several stages, illustrated in the following diagram: [1] All Kubernetes clusters have two categories of users: service accounts managed by Kubernetes, and normal users. [2] It is assumed that a cluster-independent...
How to compile and run Java in Container

01 Nov 2021

1. OpenJDK OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open-source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE).[16] The OpenJDK project produces a number of components: most importantly the virtual machine (HotSpot), the Java Class Library and the Java compiler (javac).[16] HotSpot is a specific implementation of...
Forwarded Headers and Kubernetes Ingress Nginx

28 Oct 2021

GitHub: https://github.com/qqbuby/spring-ingress-nginx-xf/ 1. Setup environment at local VM 1.1. Setup cert for HTTPS Create a self-signed cert with openssl $ openssl req -x509 \ -nodes \ -newkey rsa:4096 \ -days 3650 \ -keyout loca.io.ca.key \ -out local.io.ca.crt \ -subj "/C=CN/ST=Shanghai/L=Shanghai/O=Global Security/OU=IT Department/CN=*.local.io" \ -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:local.io,DNS:*.local.io" Import to CA root certificates...
Sockets Programming in C using TCP/IP

20 Oct 2021

1. Berkley Sockets Universally known as Sockets It is an abstraction through which an application may send and receive data Provide generic accessto interprocess communication services e.g. IPX/SPX, Appletalk, TCP/IP Standard API for networking 1.1. Sockets Uniquely identified by an internet address an end-to-end protocol (e.g. TCP or UDP) a...
HTTP Strict-Transport-Security

15 Oct 2021

The HTTP Strict-Transport-Security response header (often abbreviated as HSTS) lets a web site tell browsers that it should only be accessed using HTTPS, instead of using HTTP. 1. Syntax Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=<expire-time> Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=<expire-time>; includeSubDomains Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=<expire-time>; preload 2. Directives max-age=<expire-time> The time, in seconds, that the browser should remember that...

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